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Die drei wichtigsten Wortkategorien für die Beschreibung unserer Gefühle im Spanischen sind Adjektive, reflexive Verben und Substantive. Schauen wir uns einige Merkmale dieser drei Wortarten bei der Beschreibung von Gefühlen im Spanischen genauer an.
Adjektive modifizieren oder beschreiben Substantive. Einfache Beispiele dafür sind: contento/a(s) (glücklich), triste(s) (traurig) und enojado/a(s) (wütend). Natürlich müssen diese Adjektive mit dem Substantiv, das sie modifizieren, in Bezug auf Zahl und Geschlecht übereinstimmen.
Adjektive, die im Spanischen Gefühle beschreiben, werden häufig in Verbindung mit ganz bestimmten Verben verwendet. Wie estar (sein), sentir (fühlen), ponerse (werden) oder quedarse (werden), um nur einige zu nennen. Estoy contento zum Beispiel bedeutet: Ich bin glücklich.
Reflexive Verben vermitteln im Spanischen die Handlung des Fühlens einer bestimmten Emotion an und für sich. Da enojarse zum Beispiel „wütend werden“ bedeutet, könnte man einfach me enojé (ich wurde wütend) sagen, anstatt eine Adjektiv-Verb-Kombination wie me puse enojado zu verwenden, die dasselbe ausdrückt.
Als dritte Möglichkeit werden Substantive wie tristeza (Traurigkeit) verwendet, um im Spanischen über Gefühle zu sprechen. Eine gängige Art, dies zu tun, ist das Wort „Qué...“ in festen Ausdrücken wie „¡Qué tristeza!“, was wortwörtlich „Welche Traurigkeit!“ bedeutet. Auf Deutsch würde man dann eher sagen „wie traurig!“. Verben wie sentir (fühlen) oder tener (haben) werden ebenfalls häufig mit solchen emotionalen Substantiven in Sätzen wie Siento mucha alegría („ich bin sehr glücklich“ oder, wörtlicher, „Ich fühle viel Glück“) verwendet.
Adjektive:
Adjektive, die „glücklich“ bedeuten, sind feliz/felices, contento/a(s) und alegre(s). Dazu ein paar Beispiele:
pues, que yo creo que él sí quiere formalizar algo conmigo y yo estoy muy feliz.
nun, ich denke, dass er etwas mit mir offiziell machen möchte, und ich bin sehr glücklich darüber.
Captions 40-41, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 5 - Part 9
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y, pues, me siento muy contento de que lo... lo pude lograr.
und nun, ich bin sehr glücklich, dass ich... ich es erreichen konnte.
Caption 27, Rueda de la muerte Parte 1
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Y estoy alegre, alegre de que no sea cierto.
Und ich bin froh, froh, dass es nicht wahr ist
Caption 31, Chus recita poemas Neruda y Pizarnik
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Du kannst dir grundsätzlich merken, dass das Verb estar eher verwendet wird, um über Emotionen zu sprechen, als das Verb ser, da Emotionen normalerweise vorübergehend sind. Wenn jedoch jemand (oder etwas) dauerhaft eine bestimmte emotionale Eigenschaft verkörpert (z. B. ein „glücklicher Mensch“), kann das Verb ser verwendet werden, da diese Emotion zu einer Eigenschaft wird, wie im folgenden Beispiel:
La Vela se caracteriza además por ser un pueblo alegre,
La Vela wird auch als eine glückliche Stadt bezeichnet,
Captions 16-17, Estado Falcón Locos de la Vela - Part 1
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Reflexive Verben:
In der Kategorie der Verben ist alegrarse ein gängiges reflexives Verb, das die Vorstellung von „aufmuntern“ oder „sich freuen“ oder „glücklich sein“ ausdrückt.
Qué bien; me alegro de que estén aquí.
Wie schön; ich bin froh, dass du hier bist.
Caption 42, Club 10 Capítulo 1 - Part 2
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A tal punto que yo me alegré mucho, mucho, cuando supe que ibas a pasar veinticinco años en la cárcel.
So sehr, dass ich mich sehr, sehr freute, als ich erfuhr, dass du für fünfundzwanzig Jahre ins Gefängnis gehen würdest.
Captions 56-57, Yago 14 La peruana - Part 1
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Nomen:
Zum Abschluss werden wir uns mit den entsprechenden Substantiven beschäftigen, die „Glück“ oder „Freude“ bedeuten: (la) alegría und (la) felicidad
Ay, bueno, Don Ramiro, de verdad, qué alegría escuchar eso.
Oh, Don Ramiro, das freut mich wirklich sehr zu hören.
Caption 33, Tu Voz Estéreo Laura - Part 10
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Hasta el sábado, amiga. ¡Qué felicidad!
Bis Samstag, meine Liebe. Ich freue mich!
Caption 83, Cleer y Lida Conversación telefónica - Part 1
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„Was für eine Freude!“ ist die wörtliche Übersetzung von ¡Qué felicidad!.
Adjektive:
„Begeisterung“ kann als eine Erweiterung des Glücks angesehen werden, und Adjektive wie emocionado/a(s) (aufgeregt, erfreut, begeistert) oder entusiasmado/a(s) (hocherfreut/enthusiastisch) drücken genau das im Spanischen aus.
Estoy tan emocionado de volver a verte.
Ich freue mich sehr, dich wiederzusehen.
Caption 53, Yago 11 Prisión - Part 3
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Ehm... Mi amor, estás muy entusiasmado con todo esto. -Mmm.
Ähm... Schatz, du bist sehr enthusiastisch wegen all dem. -Mhm
Caption 7, Yago 10 Enfrentamientos - Part 4
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Reflexive Verben:
Wie du dir vielleicht schon denken kannst, sind die Verben für „aufgeregt sein/aufgeregt werden“ emocionarse und entusiasmarse:
Ya me emocioné.
Ich bin schon ganz aufgeregt.
Caption 22, Alan x el mundo Mi playa favorita de México! - Part 1
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¿Por qué no entusiasmarnos más?
Warum sollte man nicht enthusiastischer sein?
Caption 14, Natalia de Ecuador Consejos: haciendo amigos como adultos
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Nomen:
Das Substantiv (la) emoción kann einerseits „Gefühl“ bedeuten, aber auch „Aufregung“:
Entonces... -¡Qué emoción! Qué emoción, y después... ¡oh!, ¿sí?
Also... -Wie aufregend! Wie aufregend, und dann... Ach, ja?
Captions 31-32, Clase Aula Azul La segunda condicional - Part 2
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Obwohl emocionado/a(s), emocionarse und „¡Qué emoción!" auch verwendet werden können, um über das „Bewegt-Sein“ durch Emotionen zu sprechen, sollte der Kontext in der Regel Aufschluss über die Absicht des Sprechers geben.
Adjektive:
Triste(s) ist auf jeden Fall das gebräuchlichste Adjektiv für das deutsche Wort „traurig“:
nos dimos cuenta [de] que mi barco estaba partido. Candelario se puso triste.
stellten wir fest, dass mein Boot kaputt war. Candelario wurde traurig.
Captions 43-44, Guillermina y Candelario El Gran Rescate
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Reflexive Verben:
Das reflexive Verb entristecerse hingegen bedeutet „traurig werden“ oder „traurig sein“:
La alumna se entristeció mucho al saber que se había fallecido su maestro.
Die Schülerin wurde sehr traurig, als sie erfuhr, dass ihr Lehrer verstorben war.
Adjektive:
Es gibt zwar viele Adjektive, die im Spanischen „wütend“ oder „sauer“ bedeuten, aber die beiden gebräuchlichsten sind wohl enojado/a(s) und enfadado/a(s). Schauen wir uns das mal an:
¿Qué te pasa? ¿Estás enojado conmigo? No, no estoy enojado, estoy cansado. Estoy cansado, ¿OK?
Was ist los mit dir? Bist du sauer auf mich? Nein, ich bin nicht wütend, ich bin müde. Ich bin müde, okay?
Captions 42-43, Muñeca Brava 48 - Soluciones - Part 3
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Estamos muy enfadadas. Estoy muy enfadada.
Wir sind sehr wütend. Ich bin sehr wütend.
Captions 30-31, El Aula Azul Estados de ánimo
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Reflexive Verben:
Zu den Verben, die „wütend werden“ oder „zornig“ bedeuten, gehören enojarse und enfadarse, aber es gibt noch viele andere:
Se enojó muchísimo con el viejo
Er wurde sehr wütend auf den alten Mann
Caption 86, Muñeca Brava 2 Venganza - Part 6
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No me enfadé con él, ni le insulté,
Ich habe mich weder über ihn geärgert, noch habe ich ihn beleidigt,
Captions 78-79, Cortometraje Beta - Part 1
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Nomen:
Es gibt viele Substantive, die sich im Spanischen auf Wut beziehen, und wie du dir sicher denken kannst, sind zwei davon: (el) enojo und (el) enfado. Andere sind (la) ira, (la) rabia und (la) bronca.
Lo que yo sentía en ese momento era algo mucho más profundo que un enfado.
Was ich in diesem Moment fühlte, war etwas viel Tieferes als Wut.
Caption 81, Cortometraje Beta - Part 1
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porque claro, alguna vez siento mucha rabia y no me gusta sentir tanta rabia
denn natürlich spüre ich manchmal eine Menge Wut, und ich mag es nicht, so viel Wut zu spüren.
Captions 42-43, Escribiendo un libro Algunos consejos sobre cómo comenzar - Part 1
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AdjeKtive:
Beginnen wir mit dem Adjektiv, das „überrascht“ bedeutet: sorprendido/a(s).
Profesores, la verdad es que me he quedado sorprendida;
(die) Lehrer haben mich wirklich überrascht;
Caption 19, Alumnos extranjeros del Tec de Monterrey
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Reflexive Verben:
Das reflexive Verb issorprenderse bedeutet, „überrascht sein“ oder „überrascht werden“
Es que... me sorprendí, querida. -¿Por qué?
Es ist nur so, dass... ich war überrascht, meine Liebe. -Warum?
Caption 65, Muñeca Brava 18 - La Apuesta - Part 11
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Nomen:
Und natürlich kann das Substantiv (la) sorpresa zusammen mit „Qué“ verwendet werden,…
Qué sorpresa. -Qué... Vale, qué lindo verte.
Was für eine Überraschung. -Was für ein... Okay, wie schön, dich zu sehen.
Caption 15, Español para principiantes Saludos y encuentros
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Adjektive:
Die gebräuchlichen spanischen Adjektive decepcionado/a(s) und desilusionado/(s) bedeuten beide „enttäuscht“:
Mi novia está desilusionado conmigo por haberle mentido.
Meine Freundin ist enttäuscht von mir, weil ich sie belogen habe.
No. Estoy decepcionada. ¿De mí? ¿Y por qué estás decepcionada?
Nein. Ich bin enttäuscht. Von mir? Und warum bist du enttäuscht?
Captions 61-63, Muñeca Brava 41 La Fiesta - Part 6
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Reflexive Verben:
Die Verben decepcionarse und desilusionarse bedeuten natürlich „enttäuscht werden“ oder „enttäuscht sein“. Und so sieht das im Kontext aus:
Me decepcioné mucho cuando suspendí el examen.
Ich war sehr enttäuscht, als ich die Prüfung nicht bestand.
Nada. Tengo qué sé yo, miedo a desilusionarme, va.
Nichts. Ich habe Angst, enttäuscht zu werden.
Caption 38, Muñeca Brava 39 Verdades - Part 5
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Nomen:
Qué desilusión oder Qué decepción heißt also „Wie enttäuschend“ oder „Was für eine Enttäuschung“:
Qué decepción.
Welch eine Enttäuschung.
Caption 82, Los casos de Yabla Problemas de convivencia - Part 3
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Digo, personalmente no, no, no fue una desilusión porque viste, que cuando sos chico las pérdidas son diferentes.
Ich meine, für mich persönlich war es keine Enttäuschung, denn als Kind sind die Verluste anders.
Captions 48-49, Biografía Natalia Oreiro - Part 2
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Und zum Abschluss geht es um die sogenannten sentimientos negativos (negative Gefühle) wie zum Beispiel: Sorgen, Ängste und Stress.
Adjektive:
Adjektive wie preocupado/a(s) (besorgt), estresado/a(s) (gestresst), ansioso/a(s) (ängstlich) oder nervioso/a(s) (nervös, unruhig, ängstlich), können verwendet werden, um diese unangenehmen Empfindungen zu beschreiben. Dazu hier ein paar Beispiele:
Entonces, cuando usted sufra una infección fuerte o esté preocupado o estresado,
Also, wenn Sie unter einer schweren Infektion leiden oder besorgt oder gestresst sind,
Captions 35-36, Los médicos explican Consulta con el médico: herpes
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Le noto un poco nervioso, ¿le pasa algo? -No, no, no...
Sie scheinen etwas nervös zu sein, stimmt etwas nicht? -Nein, nein, nein,...
Caption 9, Muñeca Brava 33 El partido - Part 6
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¿Hay algún pensamiento o algo que le mantenga a usted ansioso o desde cuándo... o algo que haya desencadenado todos estos problemas?
Gibt es Gedanken oder etwas, das Sie beunruhigt, oder seit wann... oder etwas, das all diese Probleme ausgelöst hat?
Captions 32-33, Los médicos explican Diagnóstico: nervios y estrés
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Reflexive Verben:
Das reflexive Verb preocuparse bedeutet „sich Sorgen machen“ während estresarse „gestresst sein“ bedeutet:
¿De verdad se preocupa por mi seguridad? Claro que sí me preocupo.
Machst du dir wirklich Sorgen um meine Sicherheit? Natürlich mache ich mir Sorgen.
Captions 36-37, Muñeca Brava 48 - Soluciones - Part 3
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un día tengo que pagar uno, otro día otro, y eso, la... la gente se estresa.
An einem Tag muss ich einen bezahlen, an einem anderen einen anderen, und das… das stresst die Leute.
Caption 67, Cuentas claras Sobreviviendo enero - Part 2
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Nomen:
Die entsprechenden Substantive für die Verben und Adjektive, über die wir gesprochen haben, sind: (la) preocupación (Sorge), (el) estrés (Stress), (los) nervios (Nerven) und (la) ansiedad (Angst).
Man kann zum Beispiel ¡Qué nervios! oder ¡Qué estrés! sagen, um etwas wie „Ich bin so nervös/ängstlich!“ oder „Ich bin so gestresst!“ zu sagen. Dazu noch ein paar Beispiele bei denen Verben tener (haben) und sentir (fühlen) ins Spiel kommen:
Últimamente tengo mucho estrés y estar un poco en la naturaleza es muy bueno.
Ich hatte in letzter Zeit viel Stress, und es tut mir sehr gut, draußen in der Natur zu sein.
Captions 68-69, Cleer y Lida Picnic
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Siento ansiedad, la necesidad de contar quién soy
Ich fühle Angst, das Bedürfnis zu sagen, wer ich bin
Caption 2, Monsieur Periné Mi libertad
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Wenn du noch mehr zu diesem Thema lernen willst, schau doch mal in folgende Videos rein: Expresiones de sentimientos [Gefühlsausdrücke] und Estados de Ánimo [Stimmungen] von El Aula Azul. Das Video Ni bien ni mal [Weder gut noch schlecht] ist auch noch sehr interessant in Bezug auf die nicht so guten Gefühle. Ansonsten freuen wir uns wie immer über deine Vorschläge und Kommentare.
Although the Spanish pronoun se is most typically associated with reflexive verbs or passive or impersonal constructions, there is a case in which the indirect object pronoun le actually converts to a se! Let's find out what it is.
While a lot can be said about the topic of direct and indirect object pronouns, we'll provide you with a very brief overview.
Direct object pronouns (me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las) replace a direct object to convey the idea of "me, "you," "it," "we," and "them." Their form depends upon whether what is being replaced is masculine or feminine and singular or plural. For example, if instead of saying "I have the apples" (Tengo las manzanas), you wanted to say simply "I have them," you'd use the feminine plural las to agree with las manzanas to say, "Yo las tengo."
Indirect object pronouns let us know "to whom" an action happens. If you wished to say, for example, "I gave the apple to him," you'd say Yo le di la manzana since le is the indirect object pronoun that corresponds to the subject pronoun él (he). The indirect object pronouns and their corresponding subject pronouns are: me (yo), te (tú), le (él, ella, usted), nos (nosotros/as), os (vosotros/as), and les (ellos/as, ustedes).
So, what if you want to both replace a direct object and indicate "to whom" something happens? You'd then use both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, starting with the latter. Let's see a couple of examples from our Yabla Spanish library:
Y tengo acá las revistas. Si quieres te las enseño después. Y...
And I have the magazines here. If you want I'll show them to you later. And...
Captions 77-78, Gonzalo el Pintor Vida - Part 2
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Here, Gonzalo uses las to replace the feminine plural noun las revistas (the magazines) and te to indicate that he will show them "to you." Let's see one more example.
Y yo voy a la huerta a buscar los tomatitos ya que nadie me los trae.
And I'm going to go to the garden to look for the tomatoes since no one's bringing them to me.
Caption 32, Muñeca Brava 41 La Fiesta - Part 5
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In this case, the speaker uses the masculine plural los to replace the masculine plural los tomatitos (the tomatoes), and the indirect object pronoun me (to me) to reflect that "no one's bringing them to me."
It seems pretty simple, right? The "problem" arises when the required indirect object pronoun is le or les. For example, if you wish to say, "I'm giving it to them," referring to el lapiz (the pencil), would you say: "Yo les lo doy"? The rules of the Spanish language state that whenever the indirect object pronoun in question is le or les, those words change to se to avoid the awkwardness of having two words that begin with "l" in a row. The correct manner of saying this would thus be Yo se lo doy. Let's look at a few more examples from our Yabla Spanish library.
Voy a escribirle una carta y se la mando con el Señor Viento.
I'm going to write her a letter and I'll send it to her with Mister Wind.
Captions 56-58, Guillermina y Candelario El Mar enamorado
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Él... él se los dio a mi marido
He... he gave them to my husband,
Caption 76, Málaga Lourdes y la talabartería en Mijas Pueblo
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La quiero ver... con moñito y todo se lo regalo. -Bueno...
I want to see you... with a bow and everything, I'll give him to you. -Well...
Caption 14, Muñeca Brava 18 - La Apuesta - Part 7
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Remember that, as with all direct and indirect object pronouns, se lo, etc. are typically placed directly before the verb. However, in the case of infinitive verbs, they are attached to the end of the infinitive to form a new word (with the appropriate placement of a written tilde according to the Spanish accent rules). Let's see a couple of examples:
Señor, esa información no puedo dársela yo.
Sir, I can't give you that information.
Caption 60, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 1 - Part 8
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El problema es que no era capaz de decírselo.
The problem is that I wasn't capable of telling it to him.
Caption 44, Los Años Maravillosos Capítulo 13 - Part 5
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We hope that this lesson has shed a bit of light on those cases in which the indirect object pronouns le and les change to se. Don't forget to write us with your questions and suggestions.
Unfortunately, this year that is about to end wasn't the brightest. From the Ukraine war and the never-ending COVID-19 pandemic to global economic woes and the ongoing climate change crisis, this year's Word of the Year summarizes, in just six letters, all of these unfortunate events. With that being said, let's reveal Yabla's Spanish Word of the Year 2022.
The word crisis (with the same spelling as in English) is our Spanish Word of the Year 2022. Let's see how to pronounce this word in Spanish with a sentence we could easily apply to the present times:
Vivimos en tiempos de crisis.
We live in times of crisis.
Caption 3, Los Años Maravillosos Capítulo 2 - Part 1
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By the way, the word crisis in Spanish doesn't necessarily mean something negative, but rather a drastic change in a particular situation. However, for the context of this lesson, we are using the following definition from the Diccionario de la lengua española:
Situación mala o difícil (Bad or difficult situation)
Do you know what the plural of the word crisis is in Spanish? Let's find out with the following clip:
por las crisis que genera,
for the crises it generates,
Caption 40, De consumidor a persona Short Film - Part 6
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Yes, the plural of the Spanish word crisis is... crisis! Why? Because words that have the accent on the second-to-last syllable and end in "s" don't change in the plural. In addition to crisis, words like virus and apocalipsis also follow this rule. For more information about this topic, check out our lesson about Rules for Forming the Plural of Nouns in Spanish.
Considering the coverage that the war in Ukraine received this year, we were tempted to choose the word guerra (war) as our Spanish Word of the Year 2022. However, we opted for a word that takes into consideration all of the other problems affecting our world. Let's take a look at some of this year's runner-up terms.
Yo soy "antiguerra", no me gusta la guerra.
I'm "antiguerra" [antiwar], I don't like war.
Captions 52-53, Ana Carolina Prefijos y sufijos - Part 1
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creo que debido a la incertidumbre que teníamos todas las personas,
due, I think, to all of our uncertainty
Caption 46, El coronavirus Confinamiento en España - Part 1
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La inflación en América Latina será más alta que la media.
Inflation in Latin America will be higher than average
Durante la invasión francesa en mil ochocientos ocho,
During the French invasion in eighteen o-eight,
Caption 60, Marisa en Madrid Parque de El Retiro
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Did you notice anything? That was a lot of words that start with the letter i, which even appears twice in the word crisis! That said, i is definitely the Spanish letter of the year!
And that wraps up Yabla's Spanish Word of the Year for 2022. What do you think of our choice? Please feel free to share your comments and suggestions with us, and here's to hoping that 2023 will be a better year!
In dieser Lektion werden wir uns todos los usos y significados (alle Verwendungen und Bedeutungen) des Wortes todo auf Spanisch ansehen. Naja, vielleicht nicht alle... aber eine Menge!
Primero que todo (zuallererst) möchten wir sagen, dass das spanische Wort todo und seine weiblichen und pluralen Entsprechungen viele Bedeutungen hat, darunter „alles“, „ganz“, „jeder“ und noch einige mehr – je nach dem Kontext, in dem sie verwendet werden.
Erinnern wir uns daran, dass ein Adjektiv ein Substantiv modifiziert oder beschreibt. Wenn das Wort todo als Adjektiv fungiert, muss es in Zahl und Geschlecht mit dem Substantiv, das es modifiziert, übereinstimmen. Wir müssen also zwischen der männlichen Einzahl (todo), der männlichen Mehrzahl (todos), der weiblichen Einzahl (toda) oder der weiblichen Mehrzahl (todas) wählen und es entweder direkt vor ein Substantiv, den direkten Artikel eines Substantivs oder ein Possessivadjektiv setzen. Schauen wir uns einige Beispiele an:
No, en España, el español se parece mucho en todo el país.
Nein, in Spanien ist das Spanische im ganzen Land sehr ähnlich.
Captions 5-6, Carlos y Xavi Part 4 Tradiciones y comida de Barcelona
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La asistente le dará una tarjeta con toda la información
Der Assistent wird Ihnen eine Karte mit allen Informationen geben
Caption 42, Cita médica La cita médica de Cleer - Part 2
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Invitamos a todos sus amigos al karaoke
Wir laden alle ihre Freunde zum Karaoke ei
Caption 44, Blanca y Mariona Planificación de cena
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Salimos todas las noches.
Wir gehen jeden Abend weg.
Caption 20, Clara y Cristina Hablan de actividades
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Feliz tarde, amigos de Yabla de todos los países del mundo.
Einen wunderschönen Nachmittag, liebe Yabla-Freunde aus allen Ländern der Welt.
Caption 2, Adícora, Venezuela El tatuaje de Rosana
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Ein Pronomen ist ein Wort, das den Platz eines Substantivs einnimmt. Wenn also das Wort todo im Spanischen als Pronomen verwendet wird, muss es mit der Anzahl und dem Geschlecht des Substantivs, auf das es sich bezieht, übereinstimmen. Schauen wir uns ein einfaches Beispiel an:
¿Cuánta torta comiste? -Me la comí toda.
Wie viel Kuchen hast du gegessen? -Ich habe alles gegessen.
¿Cuántos caramelos comiste? -Todos.
Wie viele Süßigkeiten hast du gegessen? Alle.
Schauen wir uns ein Beispiel aus der Yabla-Videothek an, bei dem todas ein weibliches Substantiv im Plural ersetzt (las estaciones/die Jahreszeiten):
Creo que es la mejor estación de todas.
Ich finde, das ist die beste Jahreszeit von allen.
Caption 22, Clara explica El tiempo - Part 1
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Sí, Lucio me cuenta todo.
Ja, Lucio erzählt mir alles.
Caption 30, Yago 12 Fianza - Part 2
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Der Plural todos hingegen bedeutet häufig auch „jeder“:
porque es información nueva para todos.
weil es sich um neue Informationen für jeden handelt..
Caption 60, Clase Aula Azul Información con subjuntivo e indicativo - Part 4
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Wenn todo als Adverb fungiert, wird es in der Regel verwendet, um emphatische Aussagen zu machen. Mögliche Übersetzungen sind „wirklich“, „vollständig“, „alles“ oder „total“. Zum Beispiel könnte man sagen: El chico se veía todo lindo (Der Typ sah wirklich total gut aus) oder Mi habitación está toda desordenada (Mein Zimmer ist wirklich unordentlich). Schauen wir uns ein Beispiel aus der Yabla-Videothek an:
¡Yo te vi, yo te vi toda llena de barro!
Ich habe dich gesehen! Ich habe dich ganz mit Schlamm bedeckt gesehen!
Caption 41, Yago 3 La foto - Part 5
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Als Beispiel hier ein berühmter Satz von Artistoteles:
El todo es más que la suma de las partes.
Das Ganze ist größer als die Summe seiner Teile.
Untersuchen wir nun einige gebräuchliche spanische Redewendungen, die Formen des Wortes todo mit Aussagen jenseits ihrer wörtlichen Bedeutung enthalten.
Während todo el mundo wortwörtlich „die ganze Welt“ bedeutet, ist dieser Satz im Spanischen eine sehr gebräuchliche Art, um von „alle“ oder „jeder“ zu sprechen:
Todo el mundo puede tocar el tambor donde, cuando y como quiera- mayores, niños, mujeres,
Jeder kann trommeln, wo, wann und wie er will - ältere Menschen, Kinder, Frauen,
Captions 47-49, Viernes Santo en Tobarra ¡La Cuna del Tambor! - Part 1
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Die Singularform todo el día bedeutet „den ganzen Tag":
¿Todo el día? El tiempo que quieras.
Den ganzen Tag? So lange du willst.
Captions 103-104, Alan x el mundo Mi playa favorita de México! - Part 2
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Die Pluralform todos los días („alle Tage“) bedeutet dagegen „jeden Tag":
Además, la vemos todos los días.
Außerdem sehen wir es jeden Tag.
Caption 11, Guillermina y Candelario Una aventura extrema - Part 2
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Sobre todo bedeutet „vor allem“. Weitere, häufige Übersetzungen sind „meistens“, „hauptsächlich“ und „besonders“:
Primero, sobre todo si es tu primera tarjeta de crédito, eh... es recomendable que el... que el límite no sea mayor a tus ingresos.
Erstens, besonders wenn es Ihre erste Kreditkarte ist, ist es empfehlenswert, dass das Limit nicht höher ist als Ihr Einkommen.
Captions 51-52, Cuentas claras Sobreviviendo enero - Part 3
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En todo caso, espero que a partir de hoy, se sientan más cómodos usando las redes sociales en español.
Auf jeden Fall hoffe ich, dass Sie sich von heute an wohler fühlen, wenn Sie soziale Netzwerke auf Spanisch nutzen.
Captions 53-54, Carlos explica Internet y lenguaje digital: Redes sociales
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Por todos lados heißt direkt übersetzt „für alle Seiten“. Aber in Wirklichkeit bedeutet es „überall“:
Mili, ¿Dónde estabas? Te estuve buscando por todos lados.
Mili, wo warst du? Ich habe überall nach dir gesucht.
Caption 16, Muñeca Brava 45 El secreto - Part 10
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De todas formas bedeutet im Spanischen nicht „in allen Formen“, sondern kann mit „wie auch immer“ und „in jedem Fall“ übersetzt werden.
Bueno, de todas formas, mire, el tipo se está haciendo pasar por Pierre Bernard.
Wie auch immer, der Typ gibt sich als Pierre Bernard aus.
Caption 7, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 1 - Part 8
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Der Ausdruck de todo („von allem“) ist eine weitere Möglichkeit, „alles“ auf Spanisch zu sagen:
Aquí tiene de todo, perro, oveja...
Hier haben sie alles: [einen] Hund, Schafe …
Caption 1, 75 minutos Del campo a la mesa - Part 6
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Del todo („vom Ganzen“) hingegen bedeutet „vollständig“ oder „ganz“:
Quizás l'... la relación más equilibrada que yo he buscado no ha pasado del todo y ahora me siento un poquito sola
Vielleicht ist die ... ausgeglichenere Beziehung, die ich gesucht habe, nicht ganz zustandegekommen, und jetzt fühle ich mich ein bisschen einsam.
Captions 19-20, El reencuentro Las amigas hablan del trabajo y el amor.
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10. Todo recto
Wenn Sie jemandem sagen wollen, dass er oder sie „geradeaus“ gehen soll, ist todo recto (wörtlich „alles geradeaus“) der richtige Ausdruck im Spanischen:
Tiene que ir todo recto. -Sí.
Sie müssen geradeaus fahren. - Ja.
Caption 17, Curso de español ¿Hay una escuela por aquí?
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Dies ist nur eine kleine Auswahl der vielen spanischen Ausdrücke, die Formen von todo enthalten, die man im Alltagsspanisch hören kann. ¡Sería imposible nombrarlos todos (Es wäre unmöglich, sie alle zu nennen)! Davon abgesehen:
Eso es todo por hoy, amigos.
Das war's für heute, Freunde.
Caption 56, Ana Carolina Símbolos de Navidad
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Gracias por todo (danke für alles), und vergiss nicht uns deine Vorschläge und Kommentare zu schreiben.
Do you know the difference between sinnúmero (one word) and sin número (two separate words)? Do you know how to use them? While sinnúmero and sin número are somewhat similar, they're not quite the same. In this lesson, we'll give you a brief explanation of each, as well as some practical advice for using them.
From a grammatical standpoint, there's a big difference between sinnúmero and sin número. On one hand, sinnúmero is a masculine noun that, on its own, is used to refer to a "myriad," "plethora," or "abundance" of something. Most often, however, it is employed within the following formula to refer to something "countless" or "endless."
the indefinite article un + the noun sinnúmero + the preposition de
Let's see a couple of examples.
Hay un sinnúmero de especies de aves
There are countless bird species
Caption 48, Bogotá El cerro de Monserrate
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Cuando nosotros utilizamos este objeto, podemos crear un sinnúmero de movimientos
When we use this object, we can create an endless array of movements
Captions 15-16, Melyna Los beneficios de hula
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As you may have noticed, while the formula un sinnúmero de is sometimes translated with an English noun phrase like "a countless number" or "an endless array," other times, this formula is instead conveyed with an English adjective like "countless," as in the first example.
Let's now move on to sin número, which is an adjective phrase that is generally placed after a noun to mean "numerous" or "abundant. Let's look at an example:
Los soldados temían que las decisiones del capitán pudieran generar desgracias sin número.
The soldiers feared that the captain's decisions might generate numerous difficulties.
Finally, we should also say that sin número can be intended more literally when talking about something that has no number, as in the following sentence:
Marco vivió por mucho tiempo en una casa sin número.
Marco lived for a long time in a house without a number.
Although there's a fine line between sinnúmero and sin número, when you want to convey ideas like "countless," "innumerable," or "numerous," the one-word option sinnúmero is your safest bet since the adjective phrase sin número is only rarely used in that context.
Before we go, let's look at one more example of the Spanish noun sinnúmero within the formula we've learned today:
y un sinnúmero de rituales donde se adoraba al sol.
and countless rituals where the sun was worshiped.
Caption 42, Viajando con Priscilla Turismo en Quito
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That's all for this lesson. We hope you've learned something new, and don't forget to send us your comments and suggestions. ¡Hasta la próxima!
Do you know how to read una receta (a recipe) in Spanish and/or talk about the various actions one must perform to prepare una comida (a meal)? In order to help you do so, we've taken fifty of the most popular cooking verbs in English, then given you the equivalent Spanish term(s) for each, along with lots of examples from our Yabla Spanish library. Let's get started!
When talking about "adding" in an ingredient, there are various choices! While the first two mean "to add," the second two literally mean "to put" or "place" but are frequently seen in recipes to describe the same action:
Una vez sudado los ingredientes, le colocamos: salsa inglesa,
Once the ingredients are stewed, we add in: Worcestershire sauce,
Captions 50-51, Recetas de cocina Pabellón criollo
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El siguiente paso es batir ocho o nueve huevos.
The next step is to beat eight or nine eggs.
Captions 37-38, Clara cocina Una tortilla española
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And speaking of eggs, you have "to break" or "crack" them, which is described with the Spanish verb romper (to break):
Rompe los huevos contra una superficie plana.
Break the eggs on a flat surface.
Ahora llena una cazuela de agua y luego ponla a hervir.
Now, fill a pot with water, and then, bring it to a boil.
Captions 37-38, El Aula Azul Receta de garbanzos
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There are many ways to describe the action of "blending" in Spanish. While the first four options we have listed are more likely to refer to simply "mixing thoroughly," batir and licuar tend to describe more vigorous actions and perhaps even some instrument like a una/a batidor/a (whisk) or licuadora (blender).
Todo esto vamos a llevar a licuar, a dar vueltas
All of this, we're going to blend, to spin around,
Caption 29, Mónica Batido
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y se hornea
and you bake it
Caption 78, Viajando con Fermín Restaurante La Viña - Part 2
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y vamos a asar dos tiempos la parte de la grasa
and we're going to barbecue the part with the fat two times
Caption 49, Osos en la cocina Carne asada
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Vamos a cortar en pedazos pequeños también la lechuga,
Let's also cut the lettuce into small pieces,
Caption 16, Ana Carolina Receta para una picada
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The verb cubrir might refer to covering something with una tapa (a cover/lid) or something else, like water:
Vamos a cubrirlo y vamos a subirle el fuego.
We're going to cover it, and we're going to increase the heat.
Caption 37, Cocinando con Miguelito Pollo sudado - Part 2
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La papa es fácil de cocinar,
Potatoes are easy to cook,
Caption 14, Cocinando con Miguelito Pollo sudado - Part 3
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Luego, pones el papel encerado por encima y dejas que enfríe.
Then, you put the wax paper on top and you let it cool.
Captions 26-27, Manos a la obra Postres de Minecraft
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Picamos todo; todo se tiene que picar muy, muy pequeño.
We chop everything; everything has to be chopped very, very small.
Caption 13, Cleer y Lida Ají
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The Spanish word dados literally means "dice," as in the dice you play games with. Cortar en dados (literally "to cut in dice") is thus one of the ways to talk about the "dicing" action in Spanish:
Cortarlo en dados y freírlos hasta dorar.
Dice it, and fry them until browned.
Caption 50, Cómetelo Crema de brócoli - Part 5
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Although the verbs escurrir and colar can both mean "to drain," as in simply getting rid of excess liquid, they can also mean "to strain," as in running something through a colador (colander, sieve, etc.) to separate the solid from the liquid:
Ahora cuela los garbanzos con un colador. Escúrrelos bien.
Now, strain the chickpeas with a strainer. Drain them well.
Captions 40-41, El Aula Azul Receta de garbanzos
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En la sartén, un poco de aceite y fríes la mezcla.
In the frying pan, a little bit of oil, and you fry the mixture.
Caption 35, El Aula Azul Adivinanzas de comidas - Part 1
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la volteamos y hacemos lo mismo y podemos ir volteándola hasta que esté totalmente cocinada.
we flip it, and we do the same thing, and we can keep flipping it until it's totally cooked.
Captions 34-35, Dany Arepas - Part 2
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Note that these words can also be used as equivalents of the English "to crush."
y después de eso procederemos a molerla.
and after that we will proceed to grind it.
Caption 51, Una Historia de Café La Tostión
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¿Qué, sos un queso pa' que te ralle?
What, are you some cheese for me to grate?
Caption 70, Muñeca Brava 39 Verdades - Part 10
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You might have noticed that the terms for "to grill" and "to barbecue" in Spanish are similar, and people often confuse these actions ("barbecuing" tends to describe cooking something for longer over a lower heat, and perhaps on an actual "barbecue"). Most of the time, context should let you know which meaning is intended.
Ahora vamos a asar las arepas.
Now we are going to grill the arepas.
Caption 31, Recetas de cocina Arepas colombianas
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Lo ponemos en la estufa... y lo vamos a calentar a un fuego medio o bajo.
We put it on the stove... and we're going to heat it over medium or low heat.
Caption 18, Cocinando con Miguelito Pollo sudado - Part 1
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Entonces, tenemos que amasarla bien.
Then, we have to knead it well.
Caption 66, Recetas de cocina Carimañolas
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es que, si cada persona en el cuarto enciende un fósforo al mismo tiempo,
is that, if every person in the room lights a match at the same time,
Captions 52-53, Eljuri Hablamos Con La Artista Sobre Su Nuevo Álbum
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Similarly, the verb encender can also mean "to turn on."
¿Y medís la grasa que tiene,
And you measure the fat that it has,
Caption 17, 75 minutos Del campo a la mesa - Part 14
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eh, que sea grande y espacioso para poder mezclar.
um, which is large and spacious to be able to mix.
Caption 25, Dany Arepas - Part 1
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Ahora voy a cocinar en microondas las palomitas.
Now, I'm going to microwave the popcorn.
"Haz puré con un aplastador de papas" means "Mash with a potato masher." Now, let's look at a clip that describes the result of this action!
Ella va a hacer un puré de papa y yo voy a hacer la pechuga.
She is going to make some mashed potatoes, and I am going to make the chicken breast.
Caption 27, Misión Chef 2 - Pruebas - Part 7
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Derrítalo en agua caliente. Eh... derretirlo... eh...
Melt it in hot water. Um... melt it... um...
Captions 29-30, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 5: Ha nacido una estrella - Part 7
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Lo vamos a picar como en una crema.
We're going to mince it like in a cream.
Caption 77, Cómetelo Crema de brócoli - Part 2
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Lo dejamos marinar una hora en el refrigerador
We let it marinate for one hour in the refrigerator
Caption 9, Osos en la cocina Pollo asiático
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El primer paso es pelar las patatas,
The first step is to peel the potatoes,
Caption 23, Clara cocina Una tortilla española
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y vierte un poco de aceite.
and pour in a bit of oil.
Caption 55, El Aula Azul Receta de garbanzos
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Take note that in addition to "grill" and "barbecue," the Spanish verb asar can also mean "to roast," or "cook in an oven or open fire." When talking about "roasting" coffee beans, nuts, or seeds, however, the verb tostar (literally "to toast") is commonly employed to describe the "roasting" action:
El café se tuesta entre doscientos y doscientos cincuenta grados centígrados.
Coffee is roasted at between two hundred and two hundred fifty degrees centigrade.
Caption 7, Una Historia de Café La Tostión
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Refrigera la torta por dos horas antes de servir.
Refrigerate cake for two hours prior to serving.
The verb estirar, which usually means "to stretch," can also refer to "rolling out" dough, for example, with a rolling pin:
el rulero, empezar a estirar la empanada.
the rolling pin, start to roll out the empanada.
Caption 37, Hispanoamericanos en Berlín Lalo y la receta de la empanada
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Although enjuagar is the most common verb meaning "to rinse," sometimes the verb desinfectar can be used when referring to "rinsing" food items.
las frutas, lo... las lavamos, las desinfectamos,
the fruit, we... we wash it, we rinse it,
Caption 15, Otavalo Mali Tea
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Have you ever heard of "false friends," or false cognates in Spanish? While remover sounds like "to remove" and revolver resembles "to revolve," both of these verbs mean "to stir" in Spanish (the latter making a bit more sense!). Meanwhile, the false friend estirar, which looks and sounds more like "to stir," means "to stretch" (or "roll out," as we learned earlier).
Recordad: remover bien la mezcla.
Remember: Stir the mixture well.
Caption 65, El Aula Azul Receta de natillas
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In addition to "to stir," the Spanish verb revolver can also mean "to scramble."
Revuelve los huevos en una sartén de acero inoxidable.
Scramble the eggs in a stainless steel frying pan.
Espolvorea con azúcar y canela.
Sprinkle with sugar and cinnamon.
Exprimimos medio limón por cada trozo de carne.
We squeeze half a lemon for each piece of meat.
Caption 36, Osos en la cocina Carne asada
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con queso y mantequilla que puedes untar sobre el pan.
with cheese and butter that you can spread on the bread.
Captions 40-41, Natalia de Ecuador Alimentos para el desayuno
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Al vapor, el brócoli conserva su textura, su sabor y sus propiedades.
Steamed, broccoli keeps its texture, its flavor, and its properties.
Captions 58-59, Soledad Ensaladilla de brócoli
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This Spanish verb literally means "to boil at low heat," which is what "simmering" refers to:
Hierve el guiso a fuego lento por tres a cuatro horas.
Simmer the stew for three to four hours.
Picamos en rebanadas.
We slice [them].
Caption 15, Recetas de cocina Ensalada de pepino
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le echo... lo salteo con aceite y le echo una guindilla.
I put it in... I sauté it with oil and I add a chili pepper to it.
Caption 27, Cómetelo Crema de brócoli - Part 3
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De un litro, hay que cogerle y cernirle
From one liter, you have to take it and sift it,
Caption 102, Comunidad Tsáchila Ayahuasca y plantas curativas
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Notice that the Spanish words for "tossing" a salad are not the literal translations for the word "toss" as in "throw," but rather mean "to mix" (mezclar) and "to stir" (revolver, remover).
Verter el aderezo en la ensalada y revolver poco antes de servir.
Pour the dressing over the salad and toss just before serving.
La uso para tostar el pan del desayuno por las mañanas.
I use it to toast the breakfast bread in the morning.
Caption 29, Aprendiendo con Zulbany Piensa rápido
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Para cada jarra de café debo pesar siempre la misma cantidad
For each mug of coffee I must always weigh out the same amount,
Captions 53-54, Una Historia de Café La Tostión
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The previously discussed Spanish verb batir can also be used for the action of "whisking." To be more specific, you might also mention the name of the "whisk" instrument:
Usando una batidora de varillas, bate la mezcla hasta que esté uniforme.
Using a wire whisk, blend mixture until it is uniform.
A much simpler translation with the same meaning would be simply: "Whisk mixture until uniform."
Mientras lavamos el tomate y vamos preparando la ensalada,
While we wash the tomato and we're making the salad,
Caption 28, Fermín Ensalada de tomate
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We hope that this lesson on the top Spanish verbs for cooking has brought to light a lot of new cooking vocabulary as well as making you aware of a multitude of Yabla videos you might not have seen with a ton of scrumptious recipes to try! And if you do, we would love for you to write us with your experiences and comments!
Um auf Spanisch zu sagen, dass etwas „notwendig“ ist, kannst du einfach es necesario (es ist notwendig) plus den Infinitiv eines Verbs verwenden:
Es necesario usar papel, carbón o madera para encenderlo.
Es ist notwendig, Papier, Holzkohle oder Holz zum Anzünden zu verwenden..
Caption 22, El Aula Azul Adivina qué es - Part 1
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Um jemandem zu sagen, was er „tun muss“, kannst du Verben wie tener que oder deber plus den Infinitiv verwenden.
Tienes que mejorar esto.
Du musst das verbessern.
Caption 28, El Aula Azul La Doctora Consejos: Hay y estar
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Bueno, primero debemos hacer la lista de invitados
Nun, zuerst müssen wir die Gästeliste erstellen
Caption 15, Cleer y Carolina Organizando la fiesta del abuelo
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Eine weitere und auch sehr einfache Möglichkeit um auszudrücken, dass etwas gemacht werden soll, ist der Begriff hay que plus dem Infinitiv eines Verbs.
Hay kommt von dem Hilfsverb haber. Es wird in verschiedenen Zeitformen verwendet (Imperfekt, Präteritum, Zukunft) und bedeutet haben oder sein. Hay ist die unpersönliche Form von haber, die sich nie ändert und mit es gibt übersetzt werden kann. Wenn hay jedoch mit que + Infinitiv kombiniert wird, wird es zu einem festen Ausdruck, der es ist notwendig (etwas zu tun) bedeutet.
Hier ein paar Beispiele:
hay que darle la oportunidad de defenderse.
es ist notwendig, ihm die Möglichkeit zu geben, sich zu verteidigen
Caption 22, Los casos de Yabla Problemas de convivencia - Part 2
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¡Hay que reclamar el premio antes de las diez de la noche!
Sie müssen den Preis vor zehn Uhr abends einfordern!
Caption 61, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 6: El día de la Primitiva - Part 4
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Zu beachten ist hier, dass im zweiten Beispiel hay que mit müssen übersetzt wird. Man kann hay que generell also auch mit man muss übersetzen.
Die Konstruktion hay que + Infinitiv kann im Grunde in jedem Kontext verwendet werden, in dem man sagen will, dass es „notwendig“ ist, eine bestimmte Sache zu tun. Hier einige Beispiele für Situationen, in denen diese Konstruktion häufig benutzt wird.
Da die Konstruktion hay que + Infinitiv erklärt, was die Menschen „tun sollen“, ist es nur logisch, dass sie häufig zu hören ist, wenn es um allgemeine Lebensweisheiten geht:
En la vida hay que saber relajarse,
Im Leben muss man wissen, wie man sich entspannt,
Caption 44, Ana Teresa 5 principios del yoga
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El pasado hay que olvidarlo, hay que enterrarlo,
Die Vergangenheit, man muss sie vergessen, man muss sie begraben,
Captions 38-39, Yago 2 El puma - Part 1
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Man kann den Ausdruck hay que + Infinitiv verwenden, um jemandem zu sagen, was er tun soll, ohne ausdrücklich zu sagen „du musst“. Wie zum Beispiel in dieser beliebten Serie: Confidencial: Asesino al Volante:
Yo sé que les dijimos que no vinieran por acá pero hay que darles la buena noticia.
Ich weiß, dass wir ihnen gesagt haben, sie sollen nicht hierherkommen, aber wir müssen ihnen die gute Nachricht überbringen.
Captions 65-66, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 2 - Part 11
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Hay que demostrar que tú no eres ningún criminal,
Du musst zeigen, dass du kein Krimineller bist,
Caption 61, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 3 - Part 10
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In anderen Fällen verwendet man hay que für generelle Ratschläge:
pues, hay que ir a México.
nun, man muss nach Mexiko gehen.
Caption 32, World Travel Market en Londres Raúl nos habla de México
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Da eine Wegbeschreibung beinhaltet, dass man erklärt, was „zu tun ist“, hört man auch in diesem Zusammenhang oft die Konstruktion hay que + Infinitiv:
Después hay que torcer la primera calle a la izquierda.
Dann muss man die erste Straße nach links abbiegen.
Caption 34, Curso de español Disculpe, ¿hay un cine por aquí?
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Primero hay que ir todo derecho, ¿sí?
Zuerst müssen Sie geradeaus fahren, ok?
Caption 23, Curso de español Direcciones en la ciudad
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Hay que + Infinitiv ist häufig in Kontexten zu hören, in denen spezifische Anweisungen gegeben werden, z. B. beim Kochen eines bestimmten Rezepts oder bei einem anderen Vorgang:
Hay que añadir el agua poco a poco y vamos amasando hasta obtener una mezcla homogénea.
Man muss das Wasser nach und nach hinzufügen und solange kneten, bis man eine homogene Mischung erhält.
Captions 11-12, Recetas de cocina Arepas colombianas
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Cuando se bañan, hay que estar seguros de que no se mojen,
Wenn sie gebadet werden, muss man darauf achten, dass sie nicht nass werden,
Caption 39, La veterinaria "Huesos" visita a la doctora - Part 1
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Am häufigsten kommt haber que + Infinitiv im Präsens vor. Aber man kann es auch im Imperfekt, Präteritum und im Futur finden. Hier ein paar Beispiele dazu:
Definitivamente había que dejar el trabajo para dedicarme al restaurante.
Ich musste definitiv meinen Job aufgeben, um mich dem Restaurant zu widmen.
Caption 13, La Sub30 Familias - Part 9
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hubo que salir corriendo porque la Señora Di Carlo se moría.
wir mussten loslaufen, weil Frau Di Carlo im Sterben lag.
Caption 84, Muñeca Brava 2 Venganza - Part 6
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En fin, supongo que habrá que esperar hasta el lunes.
Wie auch immer, ich denke, es wird bis Montag warten müssen.
Caption 86, Negocios La solicitud de empleo - Part 2
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Und denk daran, dass du dir, genau wie für das Präsens, nur eine Form von haber für jede Zeitform merken musst: había que für das Imperfekt, hubo que für das Präteritum und habrá que für die Zukunft.
Wie du siehst ist die Konstruktion haber que + Infinitiv sehr gebräuchlich und nützlich. Um dich damit vertraut zu machen: hay que practicarlo mucho (musst du viel üben)! Und vergiss nicht, uns deine Vorschläge und Kommentare zu hinterlassen.
How well do you know the Spanish alphabet? If you want to test your knowledge, we would like to invite you to take this short Spanish alphabet quiz. Are you ready? Let's go!
a. 26
b. 27
c. 28
d. 29
a. alphabeto
b. alfagamo
c. alfabeto
d. alfabedario
a. el abeceto
b. el abecedario
c. el abracadario
d. none of the above
a. x
b. w
c. y
d. j
If you want the answers to the previous four questions, please check out our lesson about the Spanish alphabet. Don't worry— we will also give you all of the answers to this quiz at the end of this lesson!
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
For the answers to these two questions, please refer to our lesson on the Spanish vowels.
a. uve doble
b. doble u
c. ve doble
d. They are all valid.
To find out, please see our lesson entitled 15 Spanish Words That Start With W.
a. snake
b. frog
c. zebra
d. octopus
For a very helpful hint, listen to the description that animal that Ester provides:
Tiene cuatro patas y una crin, [adivinanzas] pero es diferente al caballo porque tiene rayas blancas y negras.
It has four legs and a mane, [riddles] but it's different from the horse because it has black and white stripes.
Captions 5-7, El Aula Azul Adivinanzas de animales - Part 1
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a. m
b. r
c. p
d. s
Find out the answer in this lesson.
a. p
b. r
c. n
d. c
If you're not sure, feel free to consult our lesson about the main differences between Castilian and Latin American Spanish.
And now, as promised, the following are the answers to all of the questions in this Spanish alphabet quiz:
1. How many letters does the Spanish alphabet have? b. 27
2. How do you spell the word "alphabet" in Spanish? c. alfabeto
3. Which of the following is another valid term for "the alphabet" in Spanish? b. el abecedario
4. Which of the following consonants is known as the "Greek i"? c. y
5. How many vowels are there in the Spanish alphabet? b. 5
6. How many vocales abiertas (strong vowels) are there in the Spanish alphabet? b. 3 (a, e and o)
7. Which of the following is NOT a valid term for the letter "w" in Spanish? d. They are all valid.
8. The name of which of the following animals starts with the letter "c" in Spanish? c. Zebra in Spanish is cebra.
9. The double form of which of the following consonants becomes a different Spanish letter with a different sound? b. the consonant "r," as in the word perro (dog)
10. Which of the following consonants is pronounced differently in Spain versus Latin America? d. the consonant "c"
Regarding that last answer, let's see this difference in action with the following clip featuring Carlos from Colombia and Xavi from Spain:
Me encanta comer cereal con yogur de cerezas. Me encanta comer cereal con yogur de cerezas. -OK.
I love to eat cereal with cherry yogurt. I love to eat cereal with cherry yogurt. -OK.
Captions 14-15, Carlos y Xavi Diferencia de pronunciación entre España y Colombia - Part 2
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That's all for this lesson. How many answers did you get right?! We hope you've enjoyed this Spanish alphabet quiz, and don't forget to write us with your questions or comments.
The news has been dominated by the death of Queen Elizabeth II. If you are wondering how to say words like "queen" or "kingdom" in Spanish, this lesson will teach you how to say and spell the most important royal terms.
hasta que por fin la reina Isabel le concedió audiencia
until Queen Isabel finally granted him an audience,
Caption 18, Viajando con Fermín Patios de Córdoba - Part 3
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Notice that even when used as part of a proper name like la reina Isabel (Queen Isabel), la reina and its male counterpart el rey (the king) are lowercase in Spanish.
Miren, hablando del rey de Roma.
Look, speak of the devil [literally "the King of Rome"].
Caption 60, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 5 - Part 4
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Keep in mind that the masculine plural form of el rey, los reyes, is used to describe "the King and Queen" (although it could also mean "the kings" in different contexts).
Actualmente es la residencia oficial de los reyes de España,
Currently, it's the official residence of the King and Queen of Spain,
Caption 24, Madrid Un recorrido por la capital de España
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Corona imperial española.
Imperial Spanish Crown.
Caption 18, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 4 - Part 3
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era para el alto clero, la monarquía y la burguesía de Barcelona
was for Barcelona's high clergy, monarchy, and middle class
Caption 58, Víctor en España La Catedral del Mar en Barcelona
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a quienes los monarcas otorgaban las patentes de corso,
to whom the monarchs granted letters of marque,
Caption 58, Viajando con Fermín Pasajes (Pasaia) - Part 3
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Remember that the article el is used to describe a male monarch, and la is used for a female, while los monarcas could be a group of males or a mixed group.
Una noche conocí en un casino al príncipe este, Rainiero.
One night I met at a casino this prince, Rainiero.
Caption 9, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 1 - Part 4
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The above clip is from our popular Colombian series Confidencial: El rey de la estafa. In the following clip, you can hear how that word is pronounced by a speaker from Spain. Notice the difference in pronunciation, especially when it comes to the letter "c":
come como un príncipe,
eat the main meal of the day like a prince,
Caption 36, Raquel Presentaciones
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se casaba con una princesa de España.
he was marrying a princess from Spain.
Caption 26, Leyendas urbanas La Llorona
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Su marido es el príncipe Felipe, duque de Edimburgo.
Her husband is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
Captions 25-26, El Aula Azul Adivina personajes famosos - Part 2
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Note that the feminine form of el duque, la duquesa, means "duchess."
Por consejo del cuerpo de seguridad de la familia real,
Under the advisement of the security forces of the royal family,
Caption 29, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 4 - Part 5
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Érase una vez en un lejano reino,
Once upon a time in a faraway kingdom,
Caption 1, Cuentos de hadas Cenicienta - Part 1
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y la subida al trono del nuevo cacique
and the ascension to the throne of the new cacique
Caption 18, Aprendiendo con Carlos América precolombina - El Dorado
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A Su Majestad, la reina, le ha interesado mucho,
It has interested Her Majesty, the Queen, a lot,
Caption 23, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 4 - Part 4
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Su Alteza Real el príncipe se casará con la mujer cuyo pie encaje en este zapato de cristal.
His Royal Highness the Prince will marry the woman whose foot fits into this glass slipper.
Captions 25-26, Cuentos de hadas Cenicienta - Part 2
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That's all for now. We hope you have learned some "royally" useful words in this lesson, and don't forget to send us your suggestions and comments.
Have you heard of the "no fault se" construction in Spanish? Do you know the "no fault se" formula and how to use it? Do you know which verbs are most commonly seen with the "no fault se"? Today's lesson will touch upon all of these topics!
If you lose a lot of things, like many of us, you'll be happy to hear that, unlike English, the Spanish language doesn't think it's our fault! It tends to describe certain things happening "to us" rather than us carrying them out. For example, instead of saying Yo perdí el libro (I lost the book), it would be more common for a native Spanish speaker to say, Se me perdió el libro (literally "The book got lost to me"). And, instead of saying directly "I dropped the eggs," you might say Se me cayeron los huevos, which literally translates to something like "The eggs fell from me."
Now that we have some idea about the "no fault se" construction, which might also be referred to as the "involuntary se," let's learn the necessary elements to create sentences that employ it:
1. The pronoun se.
2. An indirect object pronoun (me, te, le, nos, os, or le) that indicates "to whom" the action "is happening" (or, depending on perception, who "did" it!).
3. A verb in the third person that is conjugated in either singular or plural in accordance with the subject (as in passive constructions).
4. Optional: a (to) plus a prepositional pronoun (mí (me), ti (you), él (him), ella (her), usted (formal "you"), nosotros/as (we), vosotros/as (plural "you"), or ustedes (formal plural "you")), or a direct object to emphasize "the victim" of the action (see verbs like gustar).
Let's take a look at a couple of examples:
y se le cayó el trozo de carne.
and he dropped the piece of meat.
Caption 13, Club de las ideas La zorra y el cuervo
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In terms of our formula, we have 1. the pronoun se 2. the indirect object pronoun le to indicate that it happened "to him" (since le corresponds to the subject pronoun él (him)), and 3. the verb caer (to fall) conjugated in third person singular because la carne (the meat) is singular. Optionally, a él could have been added to emphasize the action's "victim" (a él se le cayó...). Let's see another example:
El martes se me perdieron las llaves de casa,
On Tuesday, my house keys got lost,
Caption 14, El Aula Azul La Doctora Consejos: El pronombre "se"
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Here, we see: 1. the pronoun se 2. the indirect object pronoun me to point towards the first person, yo (I), and 3. the verb perder (to lose) conjugated in third person plural to agree with the plural las llaves (the keys). A mí could be an optional addition before "se me perdieron..."
In terms of the translation of the examples above, while the "no fault se" construction with caer is most often translated as "to drop," our second example might also have been communicated with "I lost my house keys" since this is the more common way of talking about losing things in English— although "got lost" might arguably convey this idea of "no fault" more effectively. That said, because there is not always an equivalent of every "no fault" construction in English, their translations may vary, and we will thus attempt to give you various English options for the following examples.
Now, let's examine some additional verbs that commonly appear in the "no fault se" construction.
Although a Spanish speaker could potentially say "Me olvidé" (I forgot), the idea of "forgetting" is more commonly expressed with the "no fault se" construction.
Por si se te olvidó, ¡soy tu madre! No, no se me olvidó. -Y si salí...
In case you forgot, I'm your mother! No, I didn't forget. -And if I went out...
Captions 41-42, Muñeca Brava 8 Trampas - Part 12
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Or, to emphasize this "involuntary" aspect, you might choose the alternative translations: "In case it slipped your mind/It didn't slip my mind."
While the verb ocurrir means "to happen," when used in the "no fault se" construction, common translations include both "to occur to" and "to think of":
No sé, se me ocurre que igual nos podríamos encontrar en otros sitios.
I don't know, it occurs to me that we could also meet in other places.
Captions 21-22, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 3 - Part 9
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Se me ocurrió una gran idea.
I thought of a great idea.
Caption 28, Guillermina y Candelario El paseo sobre el mar
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Whereas in English, one might confess that he or she "ran out of money," the money literally runs out on the person in Spanish!
Porque se me acabó el dinero y...
Because I ran out of money, and...
Caption 59, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 7: La gemela - Part 2
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Of course, one might also translate this construction as "my money run out."
Similarly, "I burned the cake" is most often expressed with the "no fault se" construction, as translated quite literally in the following example:
¡Dejé el pastel mucho tiempo en el horno y se me quemó!
I left the cake in the oven for too long and it burned on me!
Caption 25, Guillermina y Candelario Experimentos en la cocina
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To talk about the idea of "leaving something behind" in the sense of "forgetting it" somewhere, native Spanish speakers frequently employ the "involuntary se" construction with the verb quedar:
Se te quedó esto. -Espera.
You left this behind. -Wait.
Caption 55, Salvando el planeta Palabra Llegada - Part 6
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These are just some of the verbs that are commonly utilized in the "no fault se" in Spanish. To see many more, check out El Aula Azul La Doctora Consejos: El pronombre se as well as Clase Aula Azul- Se involuntario, which explores this topic in depth... and don't forget to leave us your suggestions and comments.
If you are wondering how to say "How are you?" in Spanish, the standard, casual way of doing so is: ¿Cómo estás? However, there are many more ways to say "How are you?" in Spanish, and this lesson will cover many of the most common.
As we just mentioned, ¿Cómo estás? is the best-known, informal way of saying "How are you?" in Spanish. But, how do you say "How are you?" in formal Spanish? In that case, you will need to address the other person using the formal form of "you," usted:
¿Cómo está usted?
How are you?
Caption 25, Cleer y Lida Saludar en español
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That said, as there are many ways to say "you" in Spanish, let's take a look at how to say "How are you?" in Spanish with the forms of estar (to be) that correspond to each of the additional subject pronouns that mean "you": vos (singular, informal "you" in certain regions), vosotros/as (informal plural "you" in Spain), and ustedes (the prevalent plural "you" in most countries).
Bien. ¿Cómo estás vos?
Fine. How are you?
Caption 30, Muñeca Brava 18 - La Apuesta - Part 6
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Note that while the verb conjugations for vos and tú typically differ, in the case of estar, they are exactly the same.
¿Cómo estáis?
How are you?
Caption 3, Isabel Lavesa Dibujo en acuarela
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Hola, amigos de Yabla. ¿Cómo están?
Hello, friends of Yabla. How are you?
Captions 1-2, María Fernanda Mascarilla de aguacate
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You may have noticed that the subject pronoun (vos) is only explicitly stated in the first of the three examples since doing so is optional in Spanish, where specific verb conjugations usually let us know who is being addressed or spoken about.
Just like in English you can use alternatives such as "How's it going?" "What's up?" "What's going on?" etc., there are a plethora of more slangy ways to say "How are you?" in Spanish. Let's look at several.
The English translations for ¿Qué tal? range from "How are you?" to "How's it going?" and "What's up?" Let's hear it in action:
Por ejemplo, si yo digo: ¿Qué tal?
For example, if I say: How's it going?
Caption 2, Curso de español ¿Qué tal? Ni bien ni mal...
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As a side note, although bien (well) and mal (poorly) are typical answers to this question, the video ¿Qué tal? Ni bien ni mal will give you several ways to say you're somewhere in between.
While ¿Qué hay? could be used to literally ask "What is there?" or "What's available?" it can also be used to ask someone "What's up?" or "What's going on?"
¿Qué hay, amigo?
What's up, friend
You might also hear the following variation:
¿Qué hay de nuevo, compadre?
What's new, buddy?
And, if you want to sound like a true Colombian, you can try this alternative version of ¿Qué hay? with the verb haber in the preterite tense instead of the present tense (literally meaning "What was there?"). Notice the slangy spelling/pronunciation variation in the second example.
"Ey, ¿qué hubo pues, paisa? ¿Todo bien o qué, hombre?"
"Hey, what's up, buddy? [Is] everything good or what, man?"
Caption 16, Español en las calles Varias expresiones
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¿Quiubo, quiubo, linda? ¿Cómo vas?
What's up, what's up, beautiful? How are you?
Caption 3, Confidencial: El rey de la estafa Capítulo 4 - Part 8
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As you might have noticed, the last example above contained yet another way to say "How are you?" in Spanish: ¿Cómo vas?
Another option for saying "How are you?" in Spanish, "¿Cómo te va?" might also be translated as "How's it going for you?" Of course, you should use the appropriate indirect object pronoun (te, le, les, or os) to correspond to the form of "you" you're intending, or just omit it entirely and just say ¿Cómo va? (How's it going?). Let's hear a couple of examples:
¿Y cómo te va?
And how are you?
Caption 38, Los Años Maravillosos Capítulo 8 - Part 1
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¿Cómo les va?
How is it going for you?
Caption 4, Misión Chef 1 La selección - Part 3
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Now, let's hear a straightforward Spanish translation of the English phrase "How's everything going?"
¿Cómo va todo?
How's everything going?
Caption 18, Festivaliando Mono Núñez - Part 13
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"¿Cómo van las cosas?" is a similar expression that literally means "How are things going?"
The verb andar, which literally means "to walk," appears in the common expression "¿Cómo andas?" which can be heard in many countries but is particularly common in Argentina (with vos, of course!).
En Argentina, saludamos así: "Hola, che. ¿Cómo andás? ¿Todo bien?"
In Argentina, we greet [people] like this: "Hello, hey. How's it going? [Is] everything good?"
Caption 10, Español en las calles Varias expresiones
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As you can see in the last example, "todo bien?" is an additional manner of asking someone how they are and is the equivalent of such English expressions as "All good?" "Is everything OK?" or even "How's it going?"
One of the best-known ways to say "What's going on?" in Spanish is, of course, "¿Qué pasa?" This phrase can be employed to ask "what's going on" with someone in a general sense, or to inquire about a particular situation.
¿Qué pasa?
What's going on?
Caption 1, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 3 - Sam aprende a ligar - Part 2
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Our final "How are you?" in Spanish equivalent for today is "¿Qué (me) cuentas?" which literally means, "What do you tell (me)?" but serves as another manner of asking someone "What's new?" You may hear it either with or without the me.
And these are just a handful of the many, less formal ways to say "How are you?" in Spanish, which vary widely between regions and individuals. Are you familiar with any others? How do you say "How are you?" in Spanish? Let us know with your suggestions and comments!
Kennst du den Unterschied zwischen den spanischen Verben saber und conocer? Für uns Deutsche ist die Unterscheidung eigentlich recht leicht, denn saber wird als wissen übersetzt und conocer am besten mit kennen.
Für Englisch-Muttersprachler ist es etwas schwieriger, denn dort wird beides mit „to know“ übersetzt. Aber wie immer liegt die Tücke natürlich im Detail. Und genau die schauen wir uns jetzt mal an
Das spanische Verb saber beschreibt „etwas Konkretes zu wissen“, z. B. eine Tatsache, eine Information. Aber zusätzlich wird es auch für Fähigkeiten verwendet. Und da sagen wir im Deutschen: Kannst du Foxtrott tanzen? Und auf Spanisch: ¿Sabes bailar foxtrot? Sabes bedeutet also unter anderem auch können.
Das Verb saber wird im Spanischen verwendet, um über das „Wissen“ (oder Nichtwissen!) bestimmter Fakten zu sprechen:
¿Ya sabes que el pez globo es venenoso?
Wusstet du, dass der Kugelfisch giftig ist?
Caption 33, Guillermina y Candelario El paseo sobre el mar
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No sabía que estaba embarazada.
Ich wusste nicht, dass sie schwanger war.
Caption 75, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 2 - Part 11
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Beachte: Das spanische Verb saber gehört zu den Verben, die ihre Bedeutung im Präteritum ändern können.
Schau mal hier:
Así supe que su nombre era Lucía,
So habe ich herausgefunden, dass ihr Name Lucía war,
Caption 30, Luis Guitarra Historia de Lucía - Part 1
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Das spanische Verb saber kann auch die Kenntnis von einer bestimmten Information beschreiben:
¿Y sabes a qué hora abren?
Und weißt du, wann sie öffnen?
Caption 25, Español para principiantes Hablando de ubicaciones
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¿Eh? Estoy seguro que ella sabe dónde está el Gringo.
Stimmt’s? Ich bin mir sicher, dass sie weiß, wo der Gringo ist.
Caption 44, Yago 3 La foto - Part 6
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Wenn man von Fähigkeiten spricht, wird die Formel saber + Infinitiv verwendet, um zu sagen, dass jemand „weiß, wie“ man etwas tut.
Pues yo quería mostrarle que también sé hacer muchas cosas.
Nun, ich wollte ihr zeigen, dass ich auch viele Dinge kann.
Caption 37, Guillermina y Candelario Una Amiga muy Presumida - Part 1
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En la vida hay que saber relajarse,
Im Leben muss man wissen, wie man sich entspannt,
Caption 44, Ana Teresa 5 principios del yoga
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Das spanische Verb conocer wird verwendet, wenn davon die Rede ist, dass man eine Person kennt, in dem Sinne, dass man mit ihr vertraut ist
Por ejemplo: Conozco a María.
For example: Ich kenne María..
Caption 11, Lecciones con Carolina Saber y conocer
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Y cuando pasó el tiempo conocí a Edgar, ¿no? Nos conocimos en la escuela.
Und mit der Zeit lernte ich Edgar kennen, richtig? Wir trafen uns in der Schule.
Caption 14, Belanova Entrevista - Part 2
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Beachte, dass in beiden obigen Beispielen das spanische Pronomen „a“ nach dem Verb conocer und vor der Person stehen muss. Dieses sogenannte persönliche „a“ ist notwendig, wenn eine Person das Objekt eines spanischen Satzes ist. Außerdem sehen wir, dass die Bedeutung des Verbs conocer im Präteritum wieder eine andere Bedeutung hat. Hier bedeutet es nun treffen.
Obwohl es manchmal mit kennen übersetzt wird, bedeutet das spanische Verb conocer, wenn es sich auf Orte bezieht, in der Regel, dass man tatsächlich an einem Ort gewesen ist, und nicht nur, dass man von dessen Existenz weiß.
¿Conoces las Islas Canarias?
Bist du schon auf den Kanarischen Inseln gewesen?
Caption 89, Clase Aula Azul El verbo gustar - Part 5
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Conocí las islas Barú de... de Colombia
Ich besuchte die Barú-Inseln in... in Kolumbien
Caption 89, Cleer y Lida Juego de preguntas y respuestas - Part 2
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Das Verb conocer kann sich im Spanischen auch auf die Vertrautheit mit Gegenständen beziehen und kann daher entweder mit kennen oder vertraut sein mit übersetzt werden:
Realmente son frases que vuestros compañeros no conocen, entonces es una información nueva para ellos.
Es sind wirklich Sätze, die deine Klassenkameraden nicht kennen, also ist es für sie eine neue Information.
Captions 45-46, Clase Aula Azul Información con subjuntivo e indicativo - Part 4
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¡Ah! Pues yo no conocía esta tablet.
Oh! Nun, ich war mit diesem Tablet nicht vertraut.
Caption 74, El Aula Azul Ester y Paula
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Wir hoffen, dass dir der Unterschied zwischen saber und conocer nun besser einleuchtet! Wenn du mehr über dieses Thema wissen möchtes, schau doch hier mal rein: Lecciones con Carolina: Saber y conocer.
Und vergiß nicht uns deine Fragen, Tipps und Kommentare zu senden.
Do you know how to say that something "is necessary" in Spanish? Do you like telling people what "has to" be done? We'll teach you a simple formula!
To say something "is necessary" in Spanish, you might use the literal phrase es necesario (it's necessary) plus a verb's infinitive, or "to" form:
Es necesario usar papel, carbón o madera para encenderlo.
It's necessary to use paper, charcoal, or wood to light it.
Caption 22, El Aula Azul Adivina qué es - Part 1
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And, to tell someone what they "have to" do, you could use verbs like tener que (to have to) or deber (must) plus the infinitive:
Tienes que mejorar esto.
You have to improve this.
Caption 28, El Aula Azul La Doctora Consejos: Hay y estar
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Bueno, primero debemos hacer la lista de invitados
Well, first, we must make the guest list
Caption 15, Cleer y Carolina Organizando la fiesta del abuelo
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However, if you are looking for a non-literal, conjugation-free alternative (to conjugate just the present indicative tense of tener que, for example, you have to memorize tengo que, tienes que, tiene que, tenemos que, tenéis que, and tienen que), we invite you to use the following, very simple formula, which can express the same thing as the previous three options in various contexts:
Hay que + infinitive
Don't get us wrong— you are going to have to learn those verb conjugations sooner or later! But, perhaps while you do, or as a viable alternative that native speakers often employ, you could opt for hay que + infinitive.
Hay comes from the Spanish verb haber, which is an auxiliary, or helping, verb that means "to have" or "to be" and appears in its conjugated forms as part of different verb tenses (e.g. the present perfect, pluperfect, etc.). Hay is haber's impersonal form, which never changes (it is always just hay in the present tense) and can mean "there is" or "there are." However, when hay is combined with que + infinitive, it becomes a fixed expression that means "it's necessary" (to do something). Let's see a couple of examples:
hay que darle la oportunidad de defenderse.
it's necessary to give him the opportunity to defend himself.
Caption 22, Los casos de Yabla Problemas de convivencia - Part 2
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¡Hay que reclamar el premio antes de las diez de la noche!
You have to claim the prize before ten p.m.!
Caption 61, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 6: El día de la Primitiva - Part 4
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Note that the second example has been translated with "you have to," a more colloquial equivalent of "it's necessary" that includes the "universal you," implying "people" or "everyone." "One has to" or "one must" would also be valid translations.
The construction hay que + infinitive can be used in basically any context in which you want to say that "it's necessary" to do a particular thing. That said, we have included below a few scenarios in which you are likely to come across it. When reading the translations, keep in mind that while this impersonal construction has no specific subject, in cases in which the context or sentence makes clear who the speaker feels "has to" or "must" act in a particular way, the construction is often translated as if the subject were explicitly stated.
Since the construction hay que + infinitive explains what "people have to do," it only makes sense that it is often heard when talking about perceived wisdom about life:
En la vida hay que saber relajarse,
In life, you need to know how to relax,
Caption 44, Ana Teresa 5 principios del yoga
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El pasado hay que olvidarlo, hay que enterrarlo,
The past, you have to forget it, you have to bury it,
Captions 38-39, Yago 2 El puma - Part 1
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As we mentioned earlier, you might use the expression hay que + infinitive to tell someone what to do without explicitly saying "you must," as in these two examples from the popular series Confidencial: Asesino al Volante:
Yo sé que les dijimos que no vinieran por acá pero hay que darles la buena noticia.
I know we told them not to come here, but we have to give them the good news.
Captions 65-66, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 2 - Part 11
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Hay que demostrar que tú no eres ningún criminal,
You have to show that you're no criminal,
Caption 61, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 3 - Part 10
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In other cases, one might give a suggestion as to what they generally feel that "people" should do:
pues, hay que ir a México.
well, you have to go to Mexico.
Caption 32, World Travel Market en Londres Raúl nos habla de México
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Since giving directions entails explaining what "has to be done," you will often hear the construction hay que + infinitive in this context:
Después hay que torcer la primera calle a la izquierda.
Then you have to turn to the left on the first street.
Caption 34, Curso de español Disculpe, ¿hay un cine por aquí?
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Primero hay que ir todo derecho, ¿sí?
First you have to go straight ahead, right?
Caption 23, Curso de español Direcciones en la ciudad
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Similarly, hay que + infinitive will often be heard in contexts where specific instructions are given, such as cooking a particular recipe or for some other process:
Hay que añadir el agua poco a poco y vamos amasando hasta obtener una mezcla homogénea.
It's necessary to add the water little by little and we start kneading until obtaining a homogeneous mixture.
Captions 11-12, Recetas de cocina Arepas colombianas
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Cuando se bañan, hay que estar seguros de que no se mojen,
When they are bathed, you have to make sure they don't get wet,
Caption 39, La veterinaria "Huesos" visita a la doctora - Part 1
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These are, of course, just a few of the many situations in which you might use or encounter the construction hay que + infinitive.
While haber que + infinitive is probably most commonly seen the present indicative tense, it can also be found in other tenses. Let's see some examples in the imperfect tense , the preterite tense, and the future tense:
Definitivamente había que dejar el trabajo para dedicarme al restaurante.
I definitely had to leave my job to dedicate myself to the restaurant.
Caption 13, La Sub30 Familias - Part 9
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hubo que salir corriendo porque la Señora Di Carlo se moría.
we had to leave running because Mrs. Di Carlo was dying.
Caption 84, Muñeca Brava 2 Venganza - Part 6
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En fin, supongo que habrá que esperar hasta el lunes.
Anyway, I guess that it will have to wait until Monday.
Caption 86, Negocios La solicitud de empleo - Part 2
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And remember that, just like for the present, you only have to remember one form of haber for each tense: había que for the imperfect, hubo que for the preterite, and habrá que in the future. Yabla's lesson entitled Había o habían muchos libros? elaborates further.
As you've probably surmised from our plethora of examples, the construction haber que + infinitive is extremely common and useful, and now that you're familiar with it: hay que practicarlo mucho (you have to practice it a lot)! And don't forget to leave us your suggestions and comments.
Are you familiar with the Spanish preposition entre? While the preposition entre in Spanish is most often a direct equivalent for the many uses of the English words "among" and "between," it can occasionally be utilized in slightly different ways and with different translations than its English counterparts. Today's lesson will explore many of its nuances.
According to the Dictionary of the Spanish language, the Spanish preposition entre "denotes the situation or state in between two or more things." Let's break up this definition into a few subcategories:
The Spanish preposition entre might describe the nature of a relationship "between" entities, whether talking about bloodlines or quality. Let's see an example of each:
La relación entre José y yo. ¿José es mi...? -Hermano.
The relationship between Jose and me. Jose is my...? -Brother.
Captions 19-20, Curso de español Vamos a hablar de la familia
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La relación entre mi papá y mi abuela era tan amistosa como la que tenía Rusia con Estados Unidos.
The relationship between my dad and my grandma was as friendly as the one Russia had with the United States.
Captions 8-9, Los Años Maravillosos Capítulo 13 - Part 2
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Now, let's look at an example where entre describes the "state" between two things:
encontréis ese equilibrio entre cuerpo y mente.
you find that balance between body and mind.
Caption 60, Ana Teresa 5 principios del yoga
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And finally, like the English word "between," the Spanish preposition entre can be employed to compare things:
¿Y sabéis cuál es la diferencia entre la lava y el magma?
And do you know what the difference between lava and magma is?
Caption 24, Aprendiendo con Silvia Los volcanes
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The preposition entre in Spanish also comes up in some situations in which an English speaker might use the word "in" or "within." Examining two different captions from the same video, note that while the first has been translated with the more literal "among," it could be substituted with the English word "in," while "in" is probably the only suitable choice in the second example.
Allí, se escondió entre los juncos.
There, he hid among the reeds.
Caption 29, Cleer El patito feo
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Pero, afortunadamente, una viejita que lo había visto entre la nieve, lo recogió.
But, fortunately, an old woman who had seen him in the snow picked him up.
Caption 39, Cleer El patito feo
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Another use of the Spanish preposition entre is to refer to an intermediate state between two or more things:
Granada produce al año entre quince y veinte millones de kilos de aguacate
Granada produces per year between fifteen and twenty million kilos of avocados
Captions 1-2, 75 minutos Del campo a la mesa - Part 16
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Entonces los edificios tienen ese toque especial... de mezcla entre la arquitectura antigua y la moderna.
So the buildings have that special touch... from the mix between old and modern architecture.
Captions 20-21, Yabla en Buenos Aires Puerto Madero
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This Spanish preposition can furthermore depict an intermediate physical location:
se sentaba siempre entre las dos únicas chicas de la clase,
always sat between the only two girls in the class,
Caption 33, Aprendiendo con Silvia Nacionalidades y adjetivos - Part 1
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The word entre in Spanish can likewise entail the idea of inclusion, as in the following two examples, where it could be replaced by the English phrase "as one of":
No gané el concurso, pero quedé entre los finalistas
I didn't win the contest, but I placed among the finalists,
Captions 46-47, Aprendiendo con Carlos El microrrelato - Part 3
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Entre ellos, tenemos estos burros de peluche que a la gente le gusta mucho.
Among them, we have these stuffed donkeys that people like a lot.
Captions 14-15, Santuario para burros Tienda solidaria
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As we see in the following examples, the Spanish preposition entre might also evoke the idea of collaborative effort:
Si podemos imaginarlo, entre todos podemos lograrlo.
If we can imagine it, among all of us, we can achieve it.
Caption 9, Con ánimo de lucro Cortometraje - Part 1
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El plato se llama "La Deli" y entre los tres le vamos a dar forma y la decoración.
The dish is called "The Deli," and between the three of us, we're going to give it shape and decorate it.
Caption 24, Misión Chef 2 - Pruebas - Part 7
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If you wish to speak about what is done customarily "among" particular groups, the Spanish preposition entre could additionally come in handy:
"Hermano" es una palabra que se usa mucho entre amigos
"Brother" is a word that is used a lot among friends
Caption 35, Carlos comenta Confidencial - Jerga típica colombiana
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una serie argentina que es muy popular entre nuestros usuarios.
an Argentine series that is very popular among our users.
Captions 3-4, Carlos y Cyndy Comentario sobre Muñeca Brava
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And finally, the preposition entre in Spanish can suggest reciprocity, in which case it might be translated with the English "each other."
y cómo se apoyaban entre ellos.
and how they supported each other.
Caption 19, Aprendiendo con Silvia Nacionalidades y adjetivos - Part 2
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se juntaban las españolas de ese pueblo para hablar entre ellas.
the Spanish women from that town would get together to talk to each other.
Captions 49-50, Soledad Amistades
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We hope that this lesson has helped you to better understand the many uses of the Spanish preposition entre, especially those that are slightly different than the manners in which its English equivalents "among" and "between" are employed. Feel free to write us with your questions and suggestions.
The Spanish conjunction aunque, whose English translations include "although," "even though," "even if," etc., often appears within the constructions aunque + present indicative and aunque + present subjunctive. Although sentences that include said constructions are often structurally similar, the use of either the indicative or the subjunctive with aunque affects their meaning. Additionally (and as usual in Spanish!), the subjunctive construction is slightly more challenging since the meaning of the same sentence could vary depending upon context. Let's take a closer look.
Aunque + present indicative is used to state facts and is a pretty straight-forward equivalent of similarly truth-stating English sentences with "although" and "even though." Let's see some examples:
aunque terminan en "a", son realmente palabras masculinas.
although they end in "a," they are really masculine words.
Caption 22, Lecciones con Carolina Errores comunes - Part 6
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Aunque es checa la canción, el tema, eh... en Berlín, en Alemania creen [sic] mucha gente que es alemán.
Although the song, the tune, is Czech, um... in Berlin, in Germany, a lot of people think it's German.
Captions 48-49, Hispanoamericanos en Berlín Manuel y El barrilito
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Bueno, hay que ser optimista, aunque tengo la impresión de que no me van a dar el trabajo.
Well, one has to be optimistic, although I have the impression that they are not going to give me the job.
Captions 4-5, Negocios Empezar en un nuevo trabajo - Part 1
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These first two instances of aunque + present indicative are quite clear-cut because we know that what the speaker is saying is factual: The words Carolina mentions indeed end in "a," and the song Manuel describes is undoubtedly Czech. In the third example, although the speaker could possibly have different impressions regarding her employment chances, her use of the indicative definitively lets us know the impression she has about it.
In contrast to aunque + present indicative, aunque + present subjunctive conveys different meanings and is used in two different scenarios: 1. In hypothetical situations and 2. When the information being communicated is considered "background information" that the audience already knows.
In order to understand how the use of the subjunctive with aunque changes the meaning of a sentence, let's take the third example of aunque + present indicative and replace it with aunque + present subjunctive:
Bueno, hay que ser optimista, aunque tenga la impresión de que no me van a dar el trabajo.
Well, one has to be optimistic, even if I might have the impression that they are not going to give me the job.
The subjunctive version conveys something different than its indicative counterpart because, rather than explicitly stating her impression after a specific job interview, the speaker says more generally that "even though she might have" a particular impression following an interview, she should remain optimistic. Let's take a look at some additional examples of this use of aunque + present subjunctive from the Yabla Spanish library:
Aunque sea sólo para un fin de semana, para mí, tiene las características esenciales para disfrutar de un viaje,
Even if it's only for a weekend, for me, it has the essential characteristics for enjoying a trip,
Captions 47-49, Lydia de Barcelona Lydia y el festival de cine "Women Mujeres"
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Here, Lydia is saying to an audience of potential tourists to Barcelona that, hypothetically speaking, a visit would be worth it even if they might only have one free weekend. On the other hand, the indicative "Aunque es sólo para un fin de semana" would be used for someone you knew was only visiting Barcelona for one weekend. This is sometimes confusing for English speakers since the phrase "Even if it's only for a weekend" could refer to either situation and is thus a valid translation for both the indicative and subjunctive versions of the sentence. Let's look at one more example:
Aunque no crean, existe el amor a primera vista.
Believe it or not, love at first sight does exist.
Caption 56, El reencuentro Las amigas hablan del trabajo y el amor.
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While Aunque no crean is the Spanish equivalent of the English idiom "Believe it or not," a more literal translation is "Even though you might not believe it" since we don't know whether or not the audience does.
Now, let's examine a use of aunque + present subjunctive that might initially seem confusing:
Os recuerdo que las islas Canarias, aunque estén en el océano Atlántico y muy cerca de la costa africana,
I remind you that the Canary Islands, although they're in the Atlantic Ocean and very close to the African coast,
Captions 4-6, Aprendiendo con Silvia Deportes tradicionales canarios - Part 1
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Since what Silvia is saying is a fact (the Canary Islands are most definitely located in the Atlantic Ocean, close to Africa), why does she use the subjunctive? This is because aunque + present subjunctive is also used when the speaker assumes that their audience already knows the information being stated.
To sum it up: Use the indicative when you want to inform someone about something that you assume is new information for them, and use the subjunctive to say things you believe the receiver already knows. Let's see another example of this use:
Aunque San Sebastián tenga tres playas, yo siempre hago surf en la Zurriola.
Even though San Sebastian has three beaches, I always surf at Zurriola.
Captions 16-17, Clase Aula Azul Información con subjuntivo e indicativo - Part 2
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As seen here, even if it's a fact that San Sebastián has three beaches, you'd employ the subjunctive tenga for a person you think knows this information and the indicative tiene for a person you believe to be learning it, despite identical English translations. For a detailed explanation of this use of aunque + present subjunctive with a plethora of examples, check out the video series Clase Aula Azul: Información con subjuntivo e indicativo (Aula Azul Class: Information with Subjunctive and Indicative).
Sometimes, the meaning of an aunque + subjunctive sentence is ambiguous and, without context, might be impossible to ascertain. Let's take a look at an example that could be understood in more than one way:
Aunque haga calor, yo voy a usar mi chaqueta nueva.
On its face, this sentence could have two possible meanings:
1. Even though it might be hot (hypothetically on some particular day in the future), I'm going to wear my new jacket.
2. Even though it (really) is hot (and I know you know it's hot), I'm going to wear my new jacket.
In the second scenario, we assume that the person with whom we are speaking already knows the information; perhaps they are sitting there sweating with us, or maybe they called you to complain about the heat: The main point is that we believe that this is shared information. To determine, however, which of the two aforementioned meanings is intended, context is required, and there may be cases where it could seem to go either way.
In conclusion, aunque sea el concepto un poco difícil (although the concept might be a bit difficult), we hope that this lesson has made clear to you when to use the constructions aunque + present indicative and aunque + present subjunctive... and don't forget to send us your suggestions and comments!
Have you ever heard the word venga in Spanish? If you have been studying Spanish for a while or have ever been to Spain, you have probably heard someone say this word. But, do you really know the meaning of the Spanish word venga? In this lesson, we will teach you seven different ways to employ this very useful colloquial term.
But first, let's establish three important things. First, the word venga is the conjugation of the verb venir in the formal imperative (for the second person singular pronoun usted, which means "you"). Let's take a look at this very simple example of the traditional use of this word:
¡Estoy hablando con usted, señor! ¡Venga aquí, por favor!
I'm talking to you, sir! Come here, please!
Second, in addition to its formal use, as venga is a word that is used colloquially in multiple ways throughout Spain, if you are planning a visit to that country, we recommend familiarizing yourself with as many of these uses as possible.
And third, much of the time, the Spanish word venga is roughly translated with the English expression "Come on." That said, let's take a look at the following uses of the colloquial term venga.
One of the most common uses of the Spanish word venga is to motivate or encourage someone to do something. We can see this use in the following clips from our popular series Extr@: Extra en español:
Venga, cuéntamelo, Sam. No pasa nada.
Come on, tell me, Sam. It's no big deal.
Caption 50, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 7: La gemela - Part 4
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¿Sí? ¡Venga! ¡Vámonos!
Yes? Come on! Let's go!
Caption 41, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 6: El día de la Primitiva - Part 2
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In this context, you might also use venga to dare someone to do something:
No vas a atreverte. ¿Cómo que no? Venga.
You won't dare. What do you mean I won't? Go ahead.
Captions 1-3, Cortometraje Flechazos
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Sometimes, in the context of giving orders, the word venga can be used in a more decisive manner:
¿Hay alguien? Conteste, venga.
Is anyone there? Answer, come on.
Captions 28-29, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 2: Sam va de compras - Part 4
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In this context, the word venga is usually used as a call to action to do something specific:
¿Sí? ¡Venga va! Vamos a corregir.
Yes? Come on! Let's correct [this].
Caption 91, Escuela BCNLIP Clase con Javi: el futuro - Part 6
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Venga, vámonos.
Come on, let's go.
Caption 60, 75 minutos Gangas para ricos - Part 3
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Similar to the previous use, the word venga can be used to express agreement between two people. In this case, venga would be equivalent to saying "OK" in English. Let's see an example:
La semana que viene sin falta, a cenar a mi casa. Vale, te llamo. -Venga,
Next week no matter what, dinner at my house. OK, I'll call you. -OK,
Captions 95-96, Blanca y Mariona Vida en general
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You may notice that this use of venga very often comes up at the end of spoken conversations, especially on the telephone when one person indicates the end of the conversation with this word and the other person repeats it:
Venga. -Venga. Hasta luego.
OK. -OK. Bye.
People tend to repeat the word venga when they want to encourage someone to do something quickly. Let's see this use in action:
Venga, venga que es noche y... y las castañas sin coger.
Come on, come on, as it's getting late and... and the chestnuts haven't been picked.
Caption 63, 75 minutos Del campo a la mesa - Part 4
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Just like we use "come on" in English, we can use the word venga to ask someone to do something for us. Let's look:
Venga, Sam. Tienes que vestirte de basurero.
Come on, Sam. You have to dress as a garbage man.
Caption 37, Extr@: Extra en español Ep. 6: El día de la Primitiva - Part 5
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Just like the English expression "Come on," the Spanish word venga can additionally be used as an interjection to express astonishment, disbelief, or disapproval about something, as in the following example:
Pero venga, tío. Eso no tiene sentido.
But come on, man. That doesn't make sense.
That's all for today. We hope that this lesson has helped you to understand the many meanings of the Spanish word venga, and if you ever go to Spain, we encourage you to use it. And, ¡venga! Don't forget to send us your suggestions and comments.
Although the most common English translation for the Spanish preposition hasta is "until," like most Spanish prepositions, its meaning can vary in different contexts. Today's lesson will explore the four main definitions of the Spanish word hasta provided by Royal Spanish Academy as well as its various English translations.
According to the first definition, the Spanish preposition hasta can denote "a final limit in a trajectory of space or time." Possible translations for this use of hasta include "until," "up until," "up to," and "to." Let's take a look at this use via several subcategories.
The preposition hasta in Spanish can mean "up to" a certain point in time. Let's see some examples:
Eh... Trabajo hasta las dos
Um... I work until two,
Caption 47, Cleer y Lida Juego de preguntas y respuestas - Part 2
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Hasta el momento, ella ha probado zanahoria, brócoli y papa.
Up until now, she has tried carrots, broccoli, and potatoes.
Captions 37-38, Ana Carolina Ejercicio de adverbios de tiempo
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No llegaron hasta el final de la fiesta.They didn't arrive until the end of the party.
When used to talk about location, hasta means "up to that point" and might be translated with "up to" or simply "to":
Hay dos formas de llegar hasta Pasai Donibane: por mar o por tierra.
There are two ways to get to Pasai Donibane: by sea or by land.
Captions 29-30, Viajando con Fermín Pasajes (Pasaia) - Part 2
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Aquí lo que tenemos que hacer es meter un hisopo, pues hasta su buche.
Here what we have to do is to place a Q-tip, well up to his throat.
Captions 53-54, Animales en familia Un día en Bioparc: Microchip para Nacahué - Part 1
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The Spanish word hasta is often used along with que to form an adverbial phrase that means "until" (such moment as something else happens). Note that when the verb that follows hasta que refers to a habitual action or past event, it will be conjugated in an indicative tense. Let's see an example:
y lo tuvo con ella hasta que llegó la primavera.
and she had him with her until spring came.
Caption 41, Cleer El patito feo
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On the other hand, when the subordinate clause following hasta que refers to a potential future event or is a command, the verb that follows will be in the subjunctive:
y tenemos que dejar que poche hasta que se quede bien blandita.
and we have to let it saute until it gets very soft.
Caption 41, La cocina de María Tortilla de patatas
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For several more examples, check out Yabla's lesson on hasta que and hasta que no, which function similarly.
According to definition two, the Spanish preposition hasta can also describe a maximum quantity. Let's view a couple of examples:
En el mes me puedo gastar hasta doscientos euros...
During the month I can spend up to two hundred euros...
Caption 69, 75 minutos Gangas para ricos - Part 15
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Pesan hasta siete kilos, ocho kilos los machos adultos.
They weigh up to seven kilograms, eight kilos for adult males.
Caption 95, Animales en familia Un día en Bioparc: Coatís
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This third and less common use of the Spanish preposition hasta to mean "not before" is primarily heard in Mexico and Central America. Let's take a look:
Terminará hasta mediodía.
He won't finish before noon.
In the fourth definition, the Spanish word hasta instead functions as an adverb to add emphasis or a feeling of surprise or disbelief, much like the English word "even":
¿Hamburguesas de aguacate? -Sí... Hasta miel de aguacate.
Avocado burgers? -Yes... Even avocado honey.
Captions 44-45, 75 minutos Del campo a la mesa - Part 1
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Hasta se cree la mega estrella.
She even thinks she's the megastar.
Caption 54, X6 1 - La banda - Part 1
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Now that we know four different ways to use the Spanish word hasta, let's take a look at some of the many idiomatic expressions in which it appears, including at least five different ways to say goodbye in Spanish:
hasta luego: see you later
hasta pronto: see you soon
hasta la próxima: see you next time
hasta mañana: see you tomorrow
hasta la vista: until we meet again
A host of additional expressions with estar hasta mean "to be fed up":
estar hasta las narices (literally "to be up to one's noses")
estar hasta la gorra (literally "to be up to one's hat")
estar hasta arriba ("to have had it up to here")
estar hasta la coronilla (literally "to be up to one's crown")
Let's see this last one in context:
Muy bien, estaba hasta la coronilla.
Just great, I was fed up.
Caption 16, Los Años Maravillosos Capítulo 6 - Part 4
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Meanwhile, estar hasta el cuello (literally "to be up to one's neck") is equivalent to the English "to be up to one's eyeballs," or overwhelmed, while estar hasta en la sopa ("to be even in the soup") describes something or someone that seems omnipresent. And finally, let's look at a Spanish expression with hasta that can mean "that's all" or "that's it":
hasta aquí el vídeo de hoy.
that's all for today's video.
Caption 68, Aprendiendo con Silvia Recuerdos de infancia - Part 1
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On that note, we hope that this lesson has helped you to understand the different uses of the Spanish word hasta and some idioms that include it. Can you think of any more? We invite you to let us know with your suggestions and comments. ¡Hasta pronto!
¡Oye! (Hey!) kommt von dem Verb oír (hören). Und ¡Escúchame! (Hör mir zu!) kommt vom Verb escuchar (zuhören). Beide bedeuten ungefähr dasselbe. Aber wann wird welches Verb benutzt? Das wollen wir uns jetzt mal genauer ansehen.
Escuchar bedeutet zuhören. Also mit Aufmerksamkeit mitzubekommen, was du hörst. Das könnte Musik sein oder auch Worte, die gesprochen werden. Im Gegensatz dazu bedeutet oír einfach nur hören. Escuchar ist ein bewusster Akt, während oír passiv sein kann. Verstehst du den Unterschied?
Aqui, en el bosque, puedes oír a los cuervos.
Hier im Wald kannst du die Raben hören.
Hemos oído de que tenemos un día de fiesta el viernes.
Wir haben gehört, dass wir am Freitag einen Feiertag haben.
Kennst du Antes que ver el sol von Coti? Der Refrain geht ungefähr so:
Antes que ver el sol... prefiero escuchar tu voz
Bevor ich die Sonne sehe... ziehe ich es vor, deiner Stimme zuzuhören
Caption 9, Coti - Antes que ver el sol
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In den Untertiteln unserer Videos übersetzen wir escuchar auf traditionelle Weise mit zuhören. Aber da der Text in diesem Lied ein wenig undurchsichtig ist – wie es bei Rocktexten oft der Fall ist – könnte man auch argumentieren, dass escuchar in diesem Fall ja mit hören übersetzt werden müsste. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch können die Wörterbuchdefinitionen von escuchar und oír also ungenau sein, besonders in verschiedenen lateinamerikanischen Ländern.
Dazu ein Beispiel: In unserem Videoclip fordert Coti seine Zuhörer auf, lauter zu singen, indem er sagt:
¡No se escucha!
Ich kann euch nicht hören!
Caption 24, Coti - Antes que ver el sol
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Wie bei jeder Regel, gibt es also auch hier Ausnahmen. Aber die maßgebliche Real Academia Española hält den Unterschied in ihrem Diccionario de la Lengua Española aufrecht, und wir denken, dass Spanischschüler darauf hören sollten.
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